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The Main Model for Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Mine Sites—Heijinggang Broadcast
I. Multidimensional Definition and Current Status Assessment of Historically Abandoned Mines
(1) Precise profiling of three typical types of historically legacy mines
1. Mines left over from the planned economy era
Looking back to the early days of the founding of New China, when the country was in ruins and desperately in need of reconstruction, the wave of industrialization surged forward. Mineral resources—often referred to as the “food” for industrial development—were exploited on a massive scale. At that time, technological conditions were limited, and mining methods were crude and indiscriminate, relying heavily on extensive, unscientific excavation practices that led to severe resource wastage. For instance, in a major coal-producing province in northern China, many small coal mines established during the planned economy era had an extraction rate of less than 50%, leaving vast quantities of coal resources abandoned in the mines. In terms of ecological conservation awareness, society as a whole was still in its nascent stage at the time, and the concept of ecological restoration after mining activities was virtually unknown. After mining operations ceased, what remained were mountains riddled with holes, abandoned mine shafts, and piles of randomly dumped mine tailings. Due to their age, these mines had undergone numerous changes in ownership over the years, and much of their archival documentation had been lost, leaving their ownership unclear and ambiguous. Take, for example, a metal mine in an old industrial base in Northeast China: having gone through multiple restructuring and mergers, it is now extremely difficult to determine precisely who owns the mine today, let alone identify the party responsible for its remediation. The long-term lack of effective management and financial investment has gradually turned these mines into persistent environmental challenges—real "hard nuts to crack"—and placed a heavy burden on the region's ecological environment.
2. Abandoned mines whose responsible parties have disappeared or are difficult to identify.
In the tide of the market economy, some mining enterprises have gone bankrupt and closed down due to poor management and intense market competition; others have abandoned their mining operations as they undergo industrial restructuring. Still others have lost track of those responsible for their activities because historical records were lost over time. For example, in a certain province in southern China, numerous small rare-earth mines once sprang up everywhere, spurred by strong market demand. But as market conditions fluctuated and environmental regulations tightened, many of these small mining companies shut down one after another, leaving their owners nowhere to be found and leaving behind devastated mine sites. These mines are scattered widely—some are hidden deep in the mountains, while others are nestled among rural villages—and their degree of damage varies considerably. Some mines, left unattended for long periods, have seen waste materials dumped indiscriminately, blocking river channels. During the rainy season, this often triggers geological disasters such as mudslides, seriously threatening the safety of life and property of nearby residents. Other mines have turned into illegal dumping grounds, where household waste and construction debris pile up like mountains, emitting foul odors and contaminating both soil and groundwater, further worsening the ecological situation in the surrounding areas.
3. Government-Responsible Mines Closed Due to Policy Reasons
As the concept of ecological civilization takes root in people’s hearts, policies such as delineating ecological protection redlines, phasing out natural reserves, and reducing excess capacity have been successively introduced. As a result, a number of mines that fail to meet ecological protection requirements or are technologically outdated have voluntarily shut down. Take, for example, mines located within nature reserves: to safeguard the integrity of the ecological environment and biodiversity, the government has mandated their orderly withdrawal. The closure procedures for these mines are strictly regulated and standardized—from the initial assessment and feasibility studies through the mid-stage implementation of closure measures to the later-stage ecological restoration planning—all of which are governed by clear documentation and operational procedures. The restoration goals are also very specific: to restore the mine’s ecological environment to an acceptable state, and even to bring it back to a level close to its original, pristine condition. However, in the actual implementation process, given that multiple departments—including those responsible for natural resources, ecological environment, forestry, and others—are involved, it is necessary to coordinate the interests of various parties and integrate their respective resources, making the process extremely complex. For instance, after a mine within a designated ecological protection redline area was closed, the subsequent ecological restoration work involved issues such as adjustments to land ownership, allocation of funds, and selection of technical approaches. Coordinating among different departments alone consumed a great deal of time and effort.
II. The Triple Challenge Posed by Historically Abandoned Mines: Geology, Land, and Vegetation
(1) Geological Environmental Issues: A Confluence of Hidden Crises and Visible Disasters
In historically legacy mines, mountain excavation is a widespread and massive engineering activity. Take as an example a large-scale metal mine in the southwestern region: decades of intensive mining have left the mountain body extensively hollowed out, creating steep slopes that tower hundreds of meters high. Under the long-term effects of weathering, rainwater erosion, and their own gravitational forces, the stability of these slopes has deteriorated dramatically. According to statistics, this area experiences dozens of small-scale collapse accidents each year due to slope instability. Once subjected to natural disasters such as heavy rainfall or earthquakes, these slopes could trigger large-scale landslides, burying nearby roads and farmland and even posing a serious threat to the safety of residents in nearby villages.
Collapse of mined-out areas It is also a major persistent problem. In a coal-producing region in northern China, due to outdated mining technologies in the early days and a lack of effective treatment for mined-out areas, numerous underground voids have formed. Over time, the overlying rock and soil masses, having lost their support, have gradually collapsed. In some areas, massive sinkholes have emerged, with depths reaching tens of meters. These sinkholes not only disrupt the surface topography but also cause cracks in nearby buildings and ground subsidence. According to incomplete statistics, the number of houses damaged by the collapse of mined-out areas in this region has exceeded one thousand, seriously affecting the residents' normal lives.
The accumulation of waste rock and tailings serves as a potential trigger for debris-flow disasters. In some nonferrous-metal mines in southern China, discarded ore and tailings are casually piled up near valleys and riverbeds. These accumulations have a loose structure; every rainy season, heavy rainfall washes over them, mixing the accumulated materials with water and giving rise to debris flows. Once, following a torrential rain near a historically abandoned mine in a certain county, a debris-flow disaster was triggered. The debris flow, carrying massive boulders and mud and sand, swept away bridges and roads downstream, causing severe economic losses and inflicting irreparable damage on the local ecological environment.
Moreover, the disruption of the groundwater system in mining areas cannot be overlooked. During mining operations, large volumes of groundwater are extracted, altering the original groundwater levels and flow directions. As a result, wells around some mines have dried up, and rivers have ceased flowing, making it difficult to irrigate nearby farmland and leading to reduced crop yields. Meanwhile, contaminated groundwater seeps into the soil, further polluting the soil environment and creating a vicious cycle.
(2) Land Degradation: Functional Decline and Spatial Fragmentation
The damage caused by mining activities to land is multifaceted and strikingly visible. In terms of land excavation, open-pit mining directly strips away the topsoil and rock, leaving once-fertile land riddled with scars and holes. For example, an open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia covers an area of tens of thousands of acres, with an average mining depth exceeding 50 meters. As a result, vast amounts of topsoil have been removed, completely depriving these lands of their agricultural productivity. Regarding land occupation, mountains of waste rock and tailings have covered extensive areas of land. It is estimated that across the country, land occupied by waste rock and tailings amounts to millions of hectares—land that remains permanently unusable and cannot be put to effective use.
Land pollution is also a serious issue. During mining operations, heavy metals and chemical agents—among other pollutants—are leached into the soil, causing soil contamination. Around a lead-zinc mine in Hunan Province, the concentrations of heavy metals such as lead and zinc in the soil have far exceeded permissible levels, rendering crops unable to grow normally. Even when crops do manage to be cultivated, they become unsafe for consumption due to their excessively high heavy-metal content. Testing has revealed that the lead concentration in the soil of this area is dozens of times higher than that found in normal soil, and large areas have already developed into “…” Ecological dead zone To restore its ecological functions, it will require enormous costs and a long period of time.
Nationwide, the land damaged by historically abandoned mines exceeds 3 million hectares, nearly half of which is so fragmented due to rugged terrain that it cannot be directly utilized. In some mountainous regions, mining areas are scattered and the topography is highly complex, leaving the post-mining land divided into countless small parcels that are unsuitable for large-scale agricultural production or other forms of development and utilization. These fragmented lands resemble a broken jigsaw puzzle—difficult to reassemble—and have become a bottleneck in the efficient allocation of land resources, severely hindering local economic development and the advancement of ecological restoration efforts.
(3) Vegetation Destruction: Biodiversity Decline and Landscape Fragmentation
In historically mined areas, native vegetation has almost been completely wiped out. Due to long-term mining activities, the forests and woodlands surrounding the mines have been cleared, and grasslands have been destroyed, giving way to exposed rock and barren land. Take a phosphate mine in Yunnan as an example: before mining began, the surrounding vegetation coverage was over 70%, with dense forests and rich biodiversity. However, after several decades of mining, vegetation coverage has plummeted to less than 15%, and most areas are now dominated only by drought- and nutrient-poor-resistant weeds and a small number of invasive species.
The proliferation of invasive species has further exacerbated ecological degradation. For example, in some abandoned mine sites, Canadian goldenrod Invasive species such as Eupatorium adenophorum are proliferating rapidly. These invasive species grow quickly and exhibit strong competitive abilities, crowding out native species and causing a sharp decline in both the variety and abundance of local plant species. According to surveys, in certain mining areas, the number of native plant species has decreased by more than half, and many rare plant species are now on the brink of extinction. Meanwhile, the destruction of vegetation is leading to the loss of animal habitats, disrupting food chains and posing a severe threat to biodiversity. Birds, mammals, and other wildlife that once inhabited the areas around mines have begun migrating en masse, completely upsetting the ecological balance.
From a landscape perspective, the connectivity between mining areas and the surrounding ecosystems has been severed, creating isolated “ecological islands.” In some cities, abandoned mines stand in stark contrast to the surrounding urban landscapes, not only tarnishing the city’s overall image but also disrupting the continuity of ecological landscapes. These mines are like scars that fragment the integrity of natural landscapes, leading to a significant degradation of ecosystem service functions—such as water conservation, soil and water retention, and climate regulation—each of which has been severely compromised.
III. Categorical Restoration Technology System: A Gradient Approach from Natural Recovery to Transformational Utilization
(1) Natural Recovery: Ecological Self-Healing Under Light Intervention
The natural restoration strategy is like a gentle healer, well-suited for areas with mild damage and relatively strong ecological resilience. In such regions, human interventions are akin to a light breeze—gentle yet brief, leaving no lasting mark. Take, for example, the lightly damaged mines surrounding Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province. Although the local ecosystem has suffered some degree of disruption, it still retains a remarkable capacity for self-recovery. By removing abandoned structures, staff have effectively lifted a heavy burden from the ecosystem; setting up isolation fences is like erecting a protective barrier around the area, keeping external disturbances at bay; and implementing strict protection and management measures gives the ecosystem ample time and space to heal itself in peace. On this carefully nurtured land, the seed bank of native vegetation has begun to work its magic: seeds that had been dormant in the soil are now sprouting one after another under favorable conditions. Meanwhile, plant seeds from the surrounding ecosystems, carried by wind and animals, are also taking root here. Just five years after the closure and protection measures were put in place, the mine—a place where vegetation coverage had once been as low as only 8%—has been transformed as if by a spell, with vegetation coverage soaring to 45%. Herbaceous plants and shrubs blanket the hillsides in lush greenery, restoring the land to its former vibrant splendor and gradually reviving the ecosystem’s former vitality and dynamism.
(2) Assisted Regeneration: Function Rebuilding Driven by Soil Improvement
For moderately degraded land characterized by poor topsoil and poor soil structure, auxiliary regeneration strategies act like a highly skilled gardener, using a series of carefully orchestrated interventions to restore the land’s vitality. At the abandoned shale mine in Huichang, Jiangxi Province, past mining activities had left the land riddled with holes, its topsoil severely damaged, and vegetation struggling to take root. In response to this situation, staff implemented a comprehensive approach consisting of “hazard removal—leveling—fertilization.” First, they cleared away dangerous rocks and waste materials—effectively defusing a “time bomb” buried in the land and eliminating potential safety hazards. Next, they backfilled the excavated pits and depressions, restoring the land to a level surface and laying a solid foundation for subsequent restoration efforts. Then, they applied topsoil and added organic fertilizers and microbial inoculants—essentially infusing the land with abundant nutrients, improving both its structure and fertility. Simultaneously, they constructed drainage and water-retention systems, ensuring that the land receives sufficient moisture during dry seasons and preventing nutrient loss due to waterlogging during rainy seasons. In terms of vegetation restoration, staff followed natural ecological principles and selected native plant species such as dogtooth grass and alfalfa. These native species are like the land’s “original inhabitants,” naturally adapted to local climate and soil conditions. Combined with drip irrigation technology, they provided plants with precisely measured water—creating dedicated “water stations” tailored specifically for each plant. Within just one year, this abandoned shale mine underwent a dramatic transformation: vegetation coverage reached 60%, and the soil’s organic matter content tripled. Once barren and desolate, the land is now lush and green, serving as an important component of the surrounding ecosystem.
(3) Ecological Restoration: A Systemic Project to Reshape the Ecological Landscape
- Landform reshaping
In the manganese mine restoration area of Huayuan, Hunan Province, previous unregulated mining had left the mountain landscape severely fragmented and caused extensive damage to the ecological environment. To restore the region’s ecological balance, staff carefully designed a restoration plan, drawing on the surrounding topography and landforms. By cutting slopes and reducing the load, they lowered the steepness of the mountains, relieving the pressure on the slopes—just as if the mountains had undergone a “decompression surgery.” The construction of terraced platforms has provided more space for vegetation growth while also enhancing the stability of the mountain slopes. When building disaster-prevention facilities such as drainage ditches and retaining walls, staff took full account of local terrain and climatic conditions, ensuring that these structures would function effectively. Today, this area has been transformed into a three-dimensional landscape characterized by “a forested cap atop the mountain—grasslands wrapping around the mid-slope—farmland at the base of the mountain.” The forested areas at the mountaintop act like a green cap, helping to conserve water resources for the entire mountain; the grasslands on the mid-slope resemble a green ribbon, beautifying the environment and preventing soil erosion; and the farmland at the foot of the mountain provides a livelihood for local residents, achieving a harmonious integration of ecological conservation and economic development.
- Soil reconfiguration
In the area of soil reconstruction, researchers have fully leveraged their innovative spirit and explored a series of new methods for utilizing mining waste. For example, they have developed a method of preparing soil by mixing tailings sand with composted straw. Artificial soil It’s as if discarded materials have been transformed into valuable resources. Tailings sand, originally a waste product from mining operations, not only occupies vast tracts of land but can also pose environmental hazards. However, when mixed with composted straw, these tailings are not only turned into reusable resources but also used to produce artificial soil with excellent fertility and structure. Fly ash, after being modified with alkaline agents, has also emerged as an innovative planting substrate. Although fly ash contains certain nutrients, its strong alkalinity can adversely affect plant growth if used directly. After undergoing alkaline modification, fly ash becomes a high-quality planting substrate that provides plants with ample nutrients for robust growth. These innovative approaches achieve synergistic development between the resource utilization of solid waste and the restoration of soil fertility, breathing new life into previously abandoned mine lands.
- Vegetation restoration
Vegetation restoration is a crucial component of ecological restoration, guided by the principle of “matching trees to site conditions and optimizing community composition.” In an ecological restoration project at a certain mine, staff selected tall, upright tree species such as black locust and pine as the canopy layer, based on local soil and climate conditions. These trees provide excellent shade and effectively protect against wind erosion and sand fixation for the entire ecosystem. In the mid-layer, shrubs like sea buckthorn and rhododendron were chosen; they not only add structural diversity to the ecosystem but also offer habitats and feeding grounds for birds and other wildlife. At the ground level, herbaceous plants such as clover and February orchid were planted. These plants grow rapidly, quickly covering the ground to prevent soil erosion and enriching the soil with abundant organic matter. Through this approach... Multi-layered vegetation structure As the ecosystem is established, a stable ecological community gradually takes shape. Various plants rely on and mutually promote each other, collectively creating a harmonious ecological home that provides strong assurance for the long-term stability of the mine’s ecological environment.
(4) Transformation and Utilization: The Value Conversion from “Ecological Burden” to “Development Resource”
- Agriculture-oriented restoration
At the abandoned sand and gravel quarry in Sinan, Guizhou Province, past mining activities had left the land scarred and devastated. However, thanks to ecological restoration efforts, this land has now regained its vitality. After leveling the site, workers have transformed it into fertile farmland and have also built comprehensive irrigation systems and well-maintained field roads. Today, this area has become a thriving vegetable-growing base, with annual yields reaching 3,000 kilograms per mu. The lush green vegetables are thriving in the fields, providing local residents with fresh produce while also boosting the development of the surrounding agricultural industry. In this way, ecological restoration and food security have achieved a win-win outcome: the once-abandoned quarry has been transformed into a fertile “vegetable basket,” injecting powerful momentum into the revitalization of the local countryside.
- Urban and rural construction utilization
The restoration area of the Hanqiao Coal Mine in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, serves as a prime example of urban-rural development and land utilization. Former coal mining activities had left behind vast stretches of abandoned land in this area. As the city expanded, this region was incorporated into the urban spatial planning. Following ecological restoration, the site has been transformed into an eco-community. The previously abandoned land is now being used efficiently, with land value appreciation reaching as high as 200%. The newly built residential communities boast beautiful surroundings and fully equipped amenities, providing residents with a comfortable living environment. Nearby, public facilities such as commercial centers, schools, and hospitals have also been constructed, meeting residents' daily needs. What was once an "industrial rust belt" has now become a vibrant "eco-community," marking a stunning transformation from an abandoned mine to a livable home.
- Cultural and tourism integrated development
The Tongren Wanshan Mercury Mine Site serves as a prime example of integrated cultural and tourism development. With its long history of mining, precious mining relics, and rich mining culture, the site has been transformed into a uniquely themed mine park by integrating activities such as cave exploration, science education, and leisure vacations. Visitors can step into the mysterious mine tunnels to experience the history of mining extraction; in the science education area, they can learn about mining knowledge and the importance of ecological conservation; and in the leisure and vacation zone, they can enjoy a relaxing and rejuvenating getaway. With an annual visitor count exceeding 500,000, what was once known as the “industrial rust belt” has now become an “ecological beauty belt.” This site has not only become a popular destination for leisure and tourism but has also boosted the local tourism industry, stimulated regional economic growth, and breathed new life into mining culture in the new era.
IV. Breaking Through in Practice: A Tough Path from “Pilot Exploration” to “Model Replication”
(1) Implementation of Responsibilities and Financial Assurance Driven by Policy
The power of policy is like a strong east wind, playing a pivotal and guiding role in the journey of ecological restoration in mining areas. The mechanism established by Guizhou—“central funding guidance + provincial fiscal matching + market-oriented operations”—is akin to building a robust financial support system for mine ecological restoration. Central funding serves as a “reassuring anchor,” clearly pointing the way forward and providing the initial impetus for restoration efforts; provincial fiscal matching acts as a solid backing, ensuring an adequate and steady supply of funds; and market-oriented operations inject a continuous stream of vitality into the restoration work. In 2022, driven by this mechanism, Guizhou successfully leveraged 500 million yuan of social capital for the restoration of mines in the Miaoling Mountains. These funds were like a timely rain, nourishing the once scarred and ravaged land and enabling the ecological restoration efforts to proceed smoothly. Gradually, the mines in the Miaoling Mountains are regaining their former vitality.
Hunan has introduced the nation’s first regulation on ecological restoration of county-level mines, thereby establishing a guiding beacon for mine ecological restoration efforts at the level of rule of law. This regulation clearly defines the respective rights and responsibilities of the government, enterprises, and social capital—effectively placing a “tightening spell” on all parties and providing them with clear guidelines for their actions in mine ecological restoration. It specifies the government’s duties in overall coordination, supervision, and management, calling on the government to play a leading role, integrate resources from various sectors, and promote the orderly implementation of restoration work. It also clarifies the responsibilities of enterprises as the primary entities responsible for restoration, urging them to strictly fulfill their restoration obligations in accordance with regulations; otherwise, they will face severe penalties. At the same time, the regulation provides legal safeguards for social capital’s participation in mine ecological restoration, thereby stimulating its enthusiasm and engagement. Thanks to this regulation, Huayuan County has successfully broken the vicious cycle of “enterprises polluting, local residents suffering, and the government footing the bill,” offering a valuable rule-of-law model for similar projects nationwide and ensuring that mine ecological restoration efforts move forward steadily within the framework of the rule of law.
(2) Technological Innovation and Regulatory Upgrades
In the field of mine ecological restoration, technological innovation is the core driving force behind the efficient implementation of this work, while upgraded regulatory oversight serves as an important safeguard to ensure restoration quality. The integrated “air-space-ground” monitoring network—built through remote sensing and drone inspections—acts like a tightly woven net, encompassing every corner of the mine’s ecological restoration efforts within its surveillance scope. By leveraging satellite remote sensing, we can obtain real-time, macro-level insights into the overall condition of the mine, monitoring indicators such as changes in land use and vegetation coverage. Meanwhile, drone inspections allow us to penetrate deep into every nook and cranny of the mine, conducting detailed monitoring of key areas and promptly identifying potential issues. This integrated “air-space-ground” monitoring approach enables real-time tracking of restoration progress, allowing regulatory authorities to grasp the dynamics of restoration work at the earliest possible moment, adjust strategies accordingly, and ensure that the restoration tasks are completed on schedule.
The introduction of the EPC general contracting model in Huichang, Jiangxi, represents a successful example of combining technological innovation with innovative management practices. Under this model, a series of tasks—including soil reconstruction, vegetation restoration, and subsequent maintenance—are integrated into a single, comprehensive package—much like stringing scattered beads into a complete necklace—thus enabling the project to be advanced in a unified and coordinated manner. Under this approach, the project cycle has been shortened by 30%, and costs have been reduced by 25%. Tasks that previously required collaboration among multiple departments and teams are now handled uniformly by a single general contractor, eliminating communication and coordination costs as well as issues arising from poor work handover. This not only boosts efficiency and reduces costs but also provides a new, highly efficient and cost-effective model for ecological restoration of mining areas.
V. Summary
In response to the need to remediate over 100,000 historically abandoned mines nationwide, we are developing specialized restoration technologies tailored for arid and high-altitude cold regions, exploring integrated multi-use models, and promoting the deep integration of ecological and economic benefits.
In terms of technological research and development, we need to create specialized restoration technologies tailored to different ecological environments. Take arid and high-altitude cold regions as examples: these areas feature harsh climatic conditions and fragile ecosystems, where conventional restoration techniques often fail to deliver effective results. Therefore, we must develop vegetation varieties and planting techniques that are well-suited to these regions, thereby enhancing the survival rate and adaptability of planted vegetation. For instance, in arid regions, we can breed vegetation varieties that are drought-resistant and tolerant to saline-alkali soils, and employ water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation to ensure adequate moisture supply for the vegetation. In high-altitude cold regions, we can develop vegetation varieties that are cold-hardy and frost-resistant, and adopt techniques like greenhouse seedling cultivation and plastic film mulching to raise the growing environment temperature for the vegetation.
Exploring integrated utilization models is key to achieving a win-win situation between ecological and economic benefits. The “Restoration + Photovoltaic” model combines ecological restoration of abandoned mines with photovoltaic power generation projects, not only restoring the ecological health of these mines but also making effective use of their underutilized land resources to develop the clean energy industry and generate economic benefits. In E’gangling, Wulie Town, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, an abandoned mine pit has been transformed through the “Ecological Restoration + Photovoltaic” model. This approach has not only eliminated potential geological hazards and restored the ecosystem but has also enabled annual power generation of 17 million kilowatt-hours, saved 5,203 tons of standard coal, and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 355,000 tons. At the same time, it has brought direct economic and environmental benefits to the local community and created employment opportunities. The “Restoration + Modern Agriculture” model, on the other hand, repurposes land restored from mining activities for the development of modern agriculture, cultivating high-value-added crops to achieve efficient land utilization. In Taobei Village, Kouzhen Subdistrict, Laiwu District, Jinan City, the introduction of a Chinese herbal medicine cultivation industrial park project has facilitated ecological restoration of historically abandoned mines. This initiative has not only restored the ecosystem but has also increased land-use efficiency by more than three times. It has also spurred the coordinated development of related industries such as Chinese herbal medicine processing, logistics and transportation, and agricultural product sales, providing strong support for rural revitalization and regional economic growth.
VI. Introduction to Black King Kong Company
Changsha HeijinGang Industrial Co., Ltd. was established on April 30, 1999, and specializes in the research and manufacture of rock drilling equipment and pneumatic tools. The company boasts high-level R&D capabilities and extensive manufacturing experience. It uses premium-quality raw materials, advanced production processes, and rigorous testing procedures to produce products that feature outstanding performance and exceptional quality. Products under the “HeijinGang” brand are sold throughout China and exported to over 100 countries, including Australia, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Russia, and South Korea, earning widespread acclaim from users.
The company’s headquarters is located in Wangcheng, Changsha—the hometown of Lei Feng—and currently operates four major industrial bases covering a total area of 285,012 square meters, with production facilities spanning 208,514 square meters and employing over 1,000 people. The company boasts more than a thousand sets of specialized equipment for the R&D, manufacturing, and testing of rock-drilling equipment and pneumatic tools. It independently develops and manufactures a wide range of down-the-hole drilling tools—including medium-pressure down-the-hole hammers, high-pressure down-the-hole hammers, down-the-hole drill bits, casing-advancing drilling tools, top-hammer drilling tools, reverse-circulation drilling tools, roller-cone drill bits, down-the-hole drilling rigs, as well as various grades of cemented carbide and high-strength alloy structural steels. In 2020, the company was recognized as a “National Specialized, Sophisticated, and New ‘Little Giant’ Enterprise,” and in 2022, it was awarded the title of “National Green Factory.”
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